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Present Perfect
A2·ElementaryLearn to express completed actions with present relevance
Lesson Overview
15 exercises · Level 3
Grammar Explanation
Present Perfect in Farsi
The present perfect describes actions that have been completed but are relevant to the present. Very common in spoken Farsi, often used instead of simple past.
Formation
past participle (-e) + shortened boodan endings
Past Participle
Take the past stem and add "-e":
| Past Stem | Past Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| raft | rafte | gone |
| khord | khorde | eaten |
| did | dide | seen |
| goft | gofte | said |
| nevesht | neveshte | written |
Personal Endings
| Pronoun | Ending | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| man | -am | I have |
| to | -i | You have |
| oo | (nothing) | He/She has |
| ma | -im | We have |
| shoma | -id | You have (formal) |
| oonaa | -and | They have |
Full Example: raftan (to go)
| Pronoun | Phonetic | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| man | rafte-am | I have gone |
| to | rafte-i | You have gone |
| oo | rafte | He/She has gone |
| ma | rafte-im | We have gone |
| shoma | rafte-id | You have gone (formal) |
| oonaa | rafte-and | They have gone |
More Examples
| Phonetic | Translation |
|---|---|
| khorde-am | I have eaten |
| dide-am | I have seen |
| gofte | He/She has said |
| neveshte-im | We have written |
Negative: na- + participle
| Phonetic | Translation |
|---|---|
| narafte-am | I have not gone |
| nakhorde-am | I have not eaten |
| nadide-am | I have not seen |
Present Perfect vs Simple Past
In spoken Farsi, present perfect often replaces simple past: raftam = I went (literary) rafte-am = I have gone / I went (spoken)
Both are correct, but rafte-am is more common in conversation.