Short vowels

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◌َ

Zebar (fathe)

زبر / فتحه

دَرdar

door

Lesson reference

◌َ Zebar (fathe), Short vowel “a”, written above a letter.
Usually left out in everyday writing, you learn it from context.
دَر (dar), door
◌ِ Zir (kasre), Short vowel “e”, written below a letter.
Also normally omitted, so readers supply the vowel themselves.
کِتاب (ketâb), book
◌ُ Pish (zamme), Short vowel “o”, a small loop above a letter.
The three short vowels (a, e, o) are the ones left unwritten.
گُل (gol), flower